A daughter describes her father's mastery of chess and how he integrated it into his Jewish life

by Shaindel Reshevsky

ReshevskyMy father Shmuel Chaim Reshevsky, of blessed memory, was an International Grandmaster of Chess and seven times United States Chess Champion. He was born in Ozorkov, Poland, and was known as a child prodigy and chess genius at the age of 4.

At the age of 6 he defeated high-ranking officials in simultaneous chess exhibitions, where he played against as many as 30 players at a time, moving quickly from board to board. He had a photographic memory for chess and could repeat all 30 games, move by move. He was known as "Shmulik der vunder kind" -- Shmuel the wonder child.

At the age of 9, my father came to America and gave chess exhibitions across the country, astounding the players and the audience. He gained the title of International Grandmaster at the age of 36, after winning a tournament in England.

My father was a descendant of Rabbi Yonasan Eibshitz, who descended from the great Kabalist, the Arizal. He grew up in an orthodox home, and throughout his life he was known as a man who observed Shabbat. As chess was his livelihood he refused to play it on Shabbos or Yom Tov. (Ed's note: although it is permissible according to Jewish law to play chess on Shabbat, one is enjoined not to be involved with one's business matters on Shabbat.)

Even the anti-Semitic Russian government had to change the chess tournament schedule to accommodate his observance of Shabbat.

Whenever my father competed outside of New York City he always lost weight. Since he wouldn't compromise on the kosher dietary laws, and little was available in local markets, he carried a suitcase of tuna, salmon and boxes of matchess bannerzos. He found Shabbos hosts by calling the Lubavitcher Rebbe's office to ask for names of families in the cities he was visiting.

Upon turning 70 he asked the Rebbe if he should retire. The Rebbe told him to continue playing because it was a Kiddush Hashem- a proud demonstration of a Jew succeeding without compromising. My father complied and never retired. He wrote seven books on chess and was a chess consultant for the New York Times, Chess Life Magazine, the Herald Tribune, World Journal Tribune, and the Jewish Press. He was a television commentator during two World Chess Championships. He bears the honor of being the only person ever to have beaten Bobby Fischer in a match.

At the venerable age of 70 he traveled to Russia to face former world champion Vassily Smyslov. My father beat his opponent, and received a standing ovation from the audience of one thousand Russians. In 1986 he was inducted into the "United States Chess Hall of Fame." On his 80th birthday the United Chess Federation saluted him with a party in a kosher restaurant.

My parents lived in Crown Heights in the 40's, before the Rebbe became the leader of Chabad. My father walked the Rebbe home from Shul on Shabbos for nearly one and a half years. He later attended some of the Rebbe's farbrengens (Chassidic gatherings). At one memorable farbrengen the Rebbe spoke about the Jewish message that can be learned from chess.

Caption: The young Reshevsky plays 3 games simultaneously

Chess - One Step at a Time

In the game of chess, there are two categories of pieces: the officers (king, queen, knight, bishop, rook) and the soldiers (pawns). The officers can jump with great strides and move in all directions, covering much ground quickly, while the soldiers can only move forward one square at a time.

When a soldier achieves his goal and reaches the other side of the board, he can become elevated to any rank, even that of queen. However, he cannot become a king, for there is only one king in the game.

We find a parallel between the game of chess and our relationship to G-d. Some very sophisticated people are comparable to the "officers" in chess: they can leap from place to place, yet they can never advance beyond their original rank. They remain limited with in themselves. By contrast, the "simple soldiers" are slower-paced; even though they can only advance one step at a time, when they complete their mission they attain a very high level.

 

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